The Life of Frederick Douglass Essay -- African American social reforme

Getting away from subjugation in 1838, Frederick Douglass educated residents regarding the merciless maltreatment that numerous slaves and he encountered from their lords. Frederick Douglass was a self-instructed African American while likewise being under the chains of subjugation. As Douglass ascends to reverence upon abolitionists, he composes numerous accounts portraying the troubles and experiences he saw and experienced as a slave. In the book, The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Douglass portrays the dress, food and horrendous conditions he defeated as a slave. Frederick Douglass was naturally introduced to servitude by his repelled mother, Harriet Bailey and his obscure white dad, thought to be Captain Anthony. Like most of slaves, Douglass is obscure of his genuine birthdate, supposed to be conceived around Valentine’s Day in the year 1817 or 1818. For the most part, a slave proprietor will keep his slaves ignorant by keeping straightforward data from them, for example, birth dates and their organic dad. The individuals who were blended, high contrast, were beaten and whipped, and were more terrible off than those of darker skin, due to the overseers’ wife’s developing doubt of her significant other interrelating with a slave. As a feature of the change to turning into a slave, Douglass was taken from his mom to break the normal mother and kid bond. As a kid, Douglass lived with his grandma and once in a while observed his mom. On uncommon events, his mom would make a trip twelve miles to his ranch after she completed all her work to consider him to be he dozed. Douglass’ mother died, not surprisingly, he isn't permitted to go to her burial service. All slaves were treated as though they were not human and not permitted to have benefits white individuals experienced. Exhausted and depleted, slaves were living... ...tates in his book, â€Å"Without Struggle There Is No Success† (Douglass). At the end of the day, the vast majority can't hope to accomplish an objective without falling flat. Frederick Douglass portrays the various conditions he encountered and saw in the book, The Narrative Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. As an informed and free dark man, Frederick Douglass made it his objective to get his story out to the country, with the goal that the residents will know the genuine nature of bondage. In Douglass’ works, he shows to the peruser the frightfulness and legitimacy of imprisonment. Despite the fact that the spot of his bondage was not as major as different slaves in slave states, he depicts to the crowd blood twisting subtleties of his experiences. Frederick Douglass turns into a notable face to the abolitionists’ network and proceeds to achieve a few objectives, including supporting women’s rights.

Report of Investigation: Aldrich Ames Essay -- Case Review Spies

In 1986, the Central Intelligence Agency started to see its offices contacts and activities inside the Soviet Union started to ruin at an alarmingly rate. The Soviet KGB, a national security office, was killing these Soviet â€Å"Double Agents† apparently promptly subsequent to meeting with CIA specialists. Introductory realized the idea of KGB capture of field correspondence. Safety efforts were set up where select not many knew about these field tasks yet the KGB despite everything kept on pursueing its present strategic wiping out CIA contacts. Thoughts of a mole inside the Agency turned out to be increasingly evident. In mid 1986, the Chief of Counterintelligence Staff made an extraordinary team inside the Counterintelligence staff. This team comprised of four individuals yet none of which had insightful or monetary examination foundations. All individuals were prepared officials who were entrusted with finding full point by point examination of traded off activities; this included researching what number of cases was pertinent Edward Lee Howard double-crossing. In late 1986, the FBI joined the examination after two Soviet contacts that had worked intimately with the FBI were captured and executed. The CIA exceptional team was before long pulled off track following the admission of a marine security watch who admitted to KGB ties while positioned at the U.S. Government office in Moscow. Examinations hit a halt and didn't proceed until 1991. In late 1989, a tip was gotten by the Counterintelligence Center that Agent Aldrich Hazen Ames was living admirably past his accounts could bolster following his arrival from Rome, Italy. (FAS) The data was accounted for by another CIA specialist that was by and by near Ames. The source likewise expressed to hav... ...ited An Assessment of the Aldrich H. Ames Espionage Case and Its Implications for U.S. Knowledge. (1994, November 1). League of American Scientists. Recovered May 28, 2012, from www.fas.org/irp/congress/1994_rpt/ssci_ames.htm JOHNSTON, D. (1995, January 27). How the F.B.I. At long last Caught Aldrich Ames - New York Times. The New York Times - Breaking News, World News and Multimedia. Recovered May 29, 2012, from http://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/27/us/how-the-fbi-at long last got aldrich-ames.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Lerner, A. (n.d.). Ames (Aldrich H.) Espionage Case - . Web FAQ Archives - Online Education - faqs.org. Recovered May 27, 2012, from http://www.faqs.org/reconnaissance/An/Ames-Aldrich-H-Espionage-Case.html Trahair, R. C., and Miller, R. L. (2009). Reference book of Cold War surveillance, spies, and mystery activities (1. pbk. ed.). New York: Enigma Books.

What Is Considered a Genius IQ Score

What Is Considered a Genius IQ Score Theories Cognitive Psychology Print What Is a Genius IQ Score? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 01, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Key Terms Interpretation What IQ Tests Measure View All Back To Top People often talk about very high IQ scores, often referred to as genius IQ scores, but what exactly do these numbers mean and how do they stack up? High IQ scores are ranked as follows: High IQ: Any score over 140Genius IQ Score: 160 and upUnmeasurable Genius: Scores that are 200 and over Are people in the Genius IQ bracket really that much better off than those in the High IQ or even the Average IQ brackets? Are geniuses more successful than their lower-IQ counterparts? Some experts suggest that other factors, including emotional intelligence, might matter even more than IQ. Illustration by Joshua Seong. © Verywell, 2018.   A Breakdown of IQ Scores The average score on an IQ test is 100. These labels are often given for IQ scores: 1 to 24: Profound mental disability25 to 39: Severe mental disability40 to 54: Moderate mental disability55 to 69: Mild mental disability70 to 84: Borderline mental disability85 to 114: Average intelligence115 to 129: Above average; bright130 to 144: Moderately gifted145 to 159: Highly gifted160 to 179: Exceptionally gifted180 and up: Profoundly gifted Sixty-eight percent of IQ scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. That means that the majority of people have an IQ score between 85 and 115. Understanding IQ Scores IQ scores follow what is known as the bell curve. To understand what the score on an IQ test means, there are a few key terms that you should know. Bell Curve: When IQ scores are plotted on a graph, they typically follow a bell-shaped curve.?? The peak of the bell occurs where the majority of the scores lie. The bell then slopes down to each side;  one side represents  scores that are lower than the average, and the other side represents  scores that are above the average.  Mean: The mean is the average score. The average is calculated by adding all of the scores together, then dividing by the total number of scores.Standard Deviation: This is a measure of variability in a population. A low standard deviation means that most of the data points are very close to the same value. A high standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be very spread out from the average. In IQ testing, the standard deviation is plus or minus 15.?? What IQ Scores Really Mean What exactly constitutes a genius score on a measure of intelligence? To understand the score, it is important first to learn a little more about IQ testing in general. Todays intelligence tests are based largely on the original test devised in the early 1900s by French psychologist Alfred Binet. To identify students in need of extra assistance in school, the French government asked Binet to devise a test that could be used to discover which students were most in need of academic help. Based on his research, Binet developed the concept of mental age.?? Children of certain age groups quickly answered certain questions. Some children were able to respond to the questions typically answered by children of an older age, so these children had a higher mental age than their actual chronological age. Binets measure of intelligence was based on the average abilities of children of a particular age group. Intelligence tests are designed to measure a persons problem-solving and reasoning abilities.?? Your IQ score is a measure of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Your score on an IQ test indicates how well you did on these tests of mental abilities compared to other people in your age group. What the Average IQ Means and Indicates What IQ Tests Measure Logic, spatial awareness, verbal reasoning, and visual abilities are some of the key areas assessed by many IQ tests. They are not intended to measure knowledge in specific subject areas like the SAT and ACT tests focus on. An IQ test is not something that you can really study for in order to improve your score. Instead, these tests are more interested in looking at your ability to use logic to solve problems,?? to recognize patterns, and to make rapid connections between different points of information. While you might often hear that brilliant individuals, including Albert Einstein and Steven Hawking, possessed IQs of 160 or higher, or that certain presidential candidates have specific IQs, these numbers are simply estimates. In most of these cases, there is no evidence that these well-known individuals ever took a standardized IQ test, let alone shared these results with the public. IQ Scores Are Increasing IQ scores have also increased with passing generations.?? This is known as the Flynn effect, named for researcher James R. Flynn. Since the 1930s when standardized tests first became widespread, researchers have noted a sustained and significant increase in test scores among people all over the world. Flynn has suggested that this increase is due to improvements in our abilities to solve problems, think abstractly, and utilize logic. In a 2013 TED Talk, Flynn explained that past generations largely had to deal with the concrete and specific problems of their immediate environments. In contrast, people today are expected to think more about abstract and hypothetical situations. Not only that, but approaches to education have changed dramatically over the past 75 years and more people tend to have jobs identified as cognitively demanding. A Word From Verywell IQ tests are indeed interesting, but its important to remember that they are not the only measurement of intelligence. They focus on certain areas of our abilities and, while they do point to how smart a person may be academically, there are areas in life that someone may be better at than others.   How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated?

The Development of Canals in the Industrial Revolution

Water was an important method of transport in Britain prior to the industrial revolution  and was used heavily for freight. Basically, to have a working economy, goods had to be moved from the place of production to the place of need, and vice versa. When travel was based on horses, no matter how good the road, there were limits on products, in terms of fragility or freshness or quantity. Water, which could take more, and faster, was crucial. There were three key aspects of water-borne trade: the sea, the coast, and rivers. Sea Carriage: Overseas trade required large ships and was important for importing and exporting goods and raw materials. Several key British ports, including the hub of the nation in London, had been growing on trade even before the boom of the revolution, and many traders had built public buildings. As the revolution got underway and Britain experienced an export boom in the late eighteenth century, wealth was reinvested in refurbishing ports, and they expanded greatly.Coastal Trade: Moving heavy goods at sea along the coast of Britain was much cheaper than moving the same items along the road network, and coastal trade was a key aspect of Britain’s economy. Between 1650 and 1750, i.e. before the industrial revolution, half a million metric tons of coal was moved this way from Newcastle in the north to London in the south. Foodstuffs could be moved fairly quickly through coastal trade, and the access supported provincial trade. The east coast, with a sheltered, smooth sea, ha d the greatest use, and most early industries like iron, tin, and grain depended on this method.Navigable Rivers: Britain made major use of its river network for transport as well as waterwheel energy, but there were problems. Rivers didn’t always—or rarely—went where you wanted your goods to go, and they were affected by drought and erosion, as well as other industries being in the way. Many were simply unnavigable. People had tried to improve the river network by dredging, widening, and cutting past meanders by the start of the eighteenth century, and canals became the logical next step. Indeed, it was river improvements that gave the engineers of the canals their start. However, lots of important industrial areas in Britain, such as Birmingham, didn’t have any water links and were held back. If there wasnt a river, or you werent on the coast, you had transport problems. The solution was to be found in canals, a man-made route in which you could (mostly) direct the traffic. Expensive, but if done right, a way of making large profits. The Solution: Canals The first British canal to follow a totally new route (the first British canal was the Sankey Brooke Navigation, but this followed a river) was the Bridgewater canal from collieries in Worsley to Manchester. It was opened in 1761 by the colliery’s owner, the Duke of Bridgewater. This reduced the Duke’s shipping costs by 50%, vastly cheapening his coal and opening up a whole new market. This illustrated to the rest of Britain’s industrialists what canals could achieve, and it also demonstrated both what engineering could do, and what wide-ranging enterprise could create: the Duke’s money had come from agriculture. By 1774 over 33 government acts had been passed providing for canals, all in the Midlands where there were no comparative or realistic alternative means of water transport, and the boom continued. Canals became the perfect answer to regional needs. The Economic Impact of Canals Canals allowed a greater volume of goods to be moved more precisely, and for much less, opening up new markets in terms of location and affordability. Seaports could now be connected to inland trade. Canals allowed for the greater exploitation of coal reserves as the coal could be moved further, and sold cheaper, allowing a new market to form. Industries could now relocate to coalfields or move to towns, and the materials and products could be moved either way. Of over 150 canal acts from 1760 to 1800, 90 were for coal purposes. At the time—before the railways—only canals could have coped with the swiftly rising demand for coal from industries like iron. Perhaps the most visible economic effect of canals was around Birmingham, which was now joined to the British freight transport system and grew hugely as a result. Canals stimulated new ways of raising capital, as the majority of canals were built as joint stock companies, with each company having to apply for an act of Parliament. Once created, they could sell shares and buy land, bringing in widespread investment, not just local. Only a tenth of the funding came from the elite of wealthy industrialists, and the first modern company management structures were put in place. Capital began to flow around the constructions. Civil engineering also advanced, and this would be fully exploited by the railways. The Social Impact of Canals The creation of canals created a new, paid, labor force called ‘Navvies’ (short for Navigators), increasing spending power at a time when industry needed markets, and each canal needed people to load and unload. However, people tended to fear navvies, accusing them of taking local jobs. Indirectly, there were also new opportunities in mining, hardware, and other industries, for instance, the potteries, as markets for goods opened right up. The Problems of Canals Canals still had their problems. Not all areas were environmentally suitable for them, and places like Newcastle had relatively few. There was no central planning and the canals weren’t part of an organized national network, constructed in different widths and depths, and largely limited to the Midlands and North West of England. Canal transport could be expensive, as some companies monopolized areas and charged high tolls, and competition from rival companies could cause two canals to be built along the same route. They were also slow, so things had to be ordered well in advance, and they could not make passenger travel cost effective. The Decline of the Canals Canal companies never solved the problems of speed, making the invention of a faster method of transport almost inevitable. When the railways were introduced in the 1830s people felt that the advancement would spell the immediate end of the canals as a major network for freight. However, canals continued to remain competitive for a number of years and it wasn’t until the 1850s that railways really replaced the canals as the primary method of transport in Britain. Sources and Further Reading Clapham, John. An Economic History of Modern Britain. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.  Fogel, R. W. â€Å"The New Economic History. I. Its Findings and Methods.† The Economic History Review 19.3 (1966):642–656.  Turnbull, Gerard. Canals, coal and regional growth during the industrial revolution. The Economic History Review 40.4 (1987): 537–560.

The Effect of Comprehensive School Reform On Middle School...

Introduction Schools with high dropout rates are categorized as underperforming schools. Since a majority of our children, who drop out of school, do so in middle school or the first year of high school and their ages range between 12 and 16 years (Cohen Smerdon, 2009). It is the inability of many middle school kids to make the transition to high school that contributes to an increase in dropout rates. In order to address under performing schools and the high dropout rates, school reform programs were initiated by federal, local, state governments and many independent organizations. School reform programs were a means to improve student performance in the classroom and show a measured increase in student achievement (Brandlow, 2001)†¦show more content†¦Consequently, effective CSR programs would provide the needed influx of money and professional teachers need to turn around low performing multicultural and high poverty schools. When looking back on programs directed towa rds the middle school, it is easy to point out several successful and some not successful programs. Erb (2006) reported Turning Points as being the most implemented and most researched of all the middle school models. Turning Points was created by the Center for Collaborative Education in Boston (CCE). The National Turning Points Network is based on the research performed by Carnegie Corporation of New York. In addition to Turning Points, Erb (2006 p.3) also added, AIM at Middle-Grades Results, Different Ways of Knowing, Making Middle Grades Work, Middle Start, Success for All Middle School Programs and Talent Development Middle School Model. Comprehensive School reform is still the viable means for making under performing schools work (Gross, Booker, Goldhaber, 2009). Comprehensive School Reform in Middle School The concept of Middle School as describe by Erb (2006), â€Å"remain unequalled as the most potent factor for improving the performance of young adolescents(p. 10). Regardless of the model, K-8 or 8-12 or 6-8 we must address the unique adolescent requirements of the 11-14 year olds as they transition from childhood to the teen years.Show MoreRelatedThe Achievement Gap Between Black And White999 Words   |  4 PagesThe achievement gap is defined as the an unequal or inequitable distribution of educational outcomes and benefits. Researchers have identified a variety of reasons why the achievement gap between whites and blacks continues to persist. Fryer and Levitt (2002) argue that initially there is no difference between equivalent Black and White children upon entering kindergarten. Supsequently as they continue in school they take very different paths due to Black children falling behind their White counterpartsRead MorePublic Housing Assistance Programs1214 Words   |  5 Pa geseach. His paper focuses mainly on the heavy fiscal costs of public-based assistance, which he argues will perpetuate poverty (Olson, 2016). Most major research agrees that the current public housing system is in a state of disrepair and in need of reform (Goetz, 2014) (Solomon, 2005) (Utt 1996). Some wish to change the subsidy structure of the public housing projects. They argue that, currently, public housing is over-subsidized so that the rental prices are higher than comparable units in the sameRead MoreThe Black White Achievement Gap1462 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American students in an affluent, suburban district have not successfully closed the achievement gap. 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As industrialization forged the United States into a new era, schools took on the ultimate responsibility of producing theRead MoreTwo Years Ago In December Of 2015, A New Education Law1401 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents were making progress and where they needed additional support, regardless of race, income, zip code, disability, home language, or background† (U.S Department of Education. n.d.). Over time, these requirements stopped showing improvement in schools and educators spoke out about a revision needing to be made. Although the law has changed, I wonder if the pressure on teachers, students and test taking has changed as well. Throughout this paper, I want to examine a deeper question. Does the currentRead MoreThe Current Structure Of Teaching2213 Words   |  9 PagesGonzales Dr. Patricia Maloney SOC 3336 – Sociology of Education Spring 2016 May 6, 2016 I. ABSTRACT - Will write this section after my paper is finished II. 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Concert Review Free Essays

Despite slavery legally ending in 1 865, African Americans still didn’t have the same rights as white Americans. â€Å"Jazz was music that both black and white people could enjoy. By the 1 sass, jazz was growing in popularity and included influences from Europe as well as Africa† (Washington post). We will write a custom essay sample on Concert Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Jazz Band featured a series of special guests such as Johnny Gonzales (Saxophone), Dennis Dotson (Trumpet), and Bobby Guess (Bass Trombone). High’s Blues is a tune that was composed by Jeff Jarvis. The primary instrumentalists were Jeff Lam with he Vibes, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ray Hills with the Piano, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. This piece’s dynamic or volume was fortissimo and/or very loud. The melody seemed to have been fairly conjunct with metered rhythm. The texture was apparently homophobic with a thick texture. Cantaloupe Island is a tune that was composed by Hancock. The primary instrumentalists were Each Outlander with the Trumpet and Tory Zimmerman with the Fullerton. The Fullerton is defined as a brass musical instrument like a cornet but with a mellower tone. The use of the Fullerton in this piece demonstrated the wide dynamic range the ensemble had. The dynamics or volume was fortissimo and/or very loud. Candy Dancer is a tune that was composed by Jeff Jarvis. The primary instrumentalists were Marcel Primes with the Bass, Michael Williams with the Piano, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. Horn of Pungent is a tune that was composed by Goodwin. The primary instrumentalist was Ashley Mowers with the Trumpet. This was one of the first solo performances that the band completed. The trumpet, being a brass musical instrument with a flared bell and a bright, penetrating tone, influenced the dynamic or volume of the piece to be fortissimo or very loud. The rhythm was also metered and the Timbre or quality of sound was very clear. Another piece that essentially managed to do the same thing was Top Dog. Top Dog is a tune that was composed by Yeastiness. The primary instrumentalist was Each Outlander with the Trumpet. Both solos demonstrated both virtuosity and expression, along with some humorous moments. Solo’s serve to highlight performers’ ability to play Off each other, while allowing his or her individual strength to shine through. Aaron’s Blues is a tune that was composed by Chip McNeill. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Eel Baker, with the Alto Sax, Bobby Guess with the Bass Trombone, and Denny Willie with the Trumpet. This piece contained a strong melody with a Forte or loud dynamic. Magellan is a tune that was composed by Strongmen. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet, and Bob Peel with the Tenor Sax. This piece seemed to be a bit distinct or â€Å"jumping all over the place† because of the unusual instruments that were combined. For the most part, this piece’s dynamic was fortissimo or very loud while the timbre or quality of sound was clear. Jeannine is a tune that was arranged by Taylor. The primary instrumentalists were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece reminded me of â€Å"Hot Jazz† that was played in Jazz Houses by imitators of New Orleans. There’s Only So Much Oil in the Ground is a tune that was arranged by Tomato. The primary instrumentalists were Johnny Goggles with the Sax and Michael Williams with the Top Organ sounds. This piece seemed to be fortissimo or very loud. It seemed to be Polyphonic by containing multiple melodic lines of equal importance. Finally, Rock This Town is a tune that was arranged by Dave Wolfe. The primary instrumentalists Were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece was fortissimo or very loud. This piece also reminded me of the â€Å"swing† era where music was performed in order to encourage dance. They called this era the â€Å"binge band RA†. How to cite Concert Review, Papers

Chapter 23 The New Era / Start of the Depression Flashcard

Chapter 23: The New Era / Start of the Depression